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• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L201)
  Caption: "Big spot" L201, male with opercular odontodes
• 
  Species: Peckoltia sp. (L080)
  Caption: 'Hairy' male and 'bald' female
• 
  Species: Panaque sp. (L191)
  Caption: 5 years old, 30 cm TL, maybe female
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. `RIO UCAYALI`
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus zebra
  Caption: Adult alpha male (note thickened pectoral spines)
• 
  Species: Liobagrus andersoni
  Caption: Adult female
• 
  Species: Liobagrus andersoni
  Caption: Adult female
• 
  Species: Bagrichthys macracanthus
  Caption: Adult female
• 
  Species: Bagrichthys macracanthus
  Caption: Adult female
• 
  Species: Bagrichthys macracanthus
  Caption: Adult female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln8sc4) sp. (C135)
  Caption: adult female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) sp. (Cw104)
  Caption: Adult female
• 
  Species: Chromidotilapia guntheri loennbergii
  Caption: Adult female
• 
  Species: Chromidotilapia mrac
  Caption: Adult female
• 
  Species: Limbochromis robertsi
  Caption: Adult female
• 
  Species: Nanochromis transvestitus
  Caption: Adult female
• 
  Species: Wallaceochromis signatus
  Caption: Adult female
• 
  Species: Agamyxis pectinifrons
  Caption: Adult female
• 
  Species: Rhinodoras gallagheri
  Caption: Adult female
• 
  Species: Pachypterus khavalchor
  Caption: Adult female
• 
  Species: Ancistrus cf. cirrhosus
  Caption: Adult female
• 
  Species: Ancistrus cf. cirrhosus
  Caption: Adult female
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (L107)
  Caption: Adult female
• 
  Species: Brochiloricaria chauliodon
  Caption: Adult female
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L501)
  Caption: Adult female
• 
  Species: Lamprologus mocquardi
  Caption: Adult female in broodcare
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (L486)
  Caption: Adult female in spawning condition
• 
  Species: Pelvicachromis subocellatus
  Caption: Adult female of Matadi form
• 
  Species: Pelvicachromis pulcher
  Caption: Adult female, aquarium strain
• 
  Species: Rheocles vatosoa
  Caption: Adult female, Guy Tam Hyock's production, Andapa
• 
  Species: Hemichromis cerasogaster
  Caption: Adult female, normal coloration
• 
  Species: Scleromystax barbatus
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Chromidotilapia mrac
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Congochromis squamiceps
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Cyclopharynx fwae
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Gobiocichla ethelwynnae
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Gobiocichla wonderi
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Hemichromis frempongi
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Lamprologus teugelsi
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Nanochromis nudiceps
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Nanochromis splendens
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Nanochromis transvestitus
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Parananochromis caudifasciatus
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Parananochromis ornatus
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Wallaceochromis rubrolabiatus
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Wallaceochromis signatus
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Dawkinsia rohani
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Dawkinsia rohani
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Semotilus atromaculatus
  Caption: Adult Male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus cf. cirrhosus
  Caption: Adult Male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus cf. cirrhosus
  Caption: Adult Male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus dolichopterus
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (L120)
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (L255)
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (L338)
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (L514)
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Baryancistrus sp. (L142)
  Caption: Adult Male
• 
  Species: Chaetostoma sp. (1)
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L260)
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Loricaria birindellii
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Panaqolus sp. (L374)
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Pseudacanthicus sp. (L065)
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Pseudacanthicus sp. (L427)
  Caption: Adult Male
• 
  Species: Pseudacanthicus sp. (L452)
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Microsynodontis polli
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Synodontis lucipinnis
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Synodontis multipunctatus
  Caption: Adult male
• 
  Species: Etheostoma caeruleum
  Caption: Adult Male
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus lunaorum
  Caption: Adult male (old)
• 
  Species: Brochiloricaria chauliodon
  Caption: Adult male (Rio Parana at San Pedro town)
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (L514)
  Caption: adult male - ventral view
• 
  Species: Lepomis gulosus
  Caption: Adult Male Caught In a Marina
• 
  Species: Lepomis macrochirus
  Caption: Adult male fanning eggs
• 
  Species: Hemichromis guttatus
  Caption: Adult male from Benin
• 
  Species: Chromidotilapia elongata
  Caption: Adult male from Dimonika
• 
  Species: Hemichromis elongatus
  Caption: Adult male from Gabon
• 
  Species: Chromidotilapia kingsleyae
  Caption: Adult male from region of Bijoum
• 
  Species: Hemichromis bimaculatus
  Caption: Adult male from Sierra Leone
• 
  Species: Lepomis macrochirus
  Caption: Adult male guarding nest
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln5) sp. (Cw022)
  Caption: Adult male in breeding color
• 
  Species: Lamprologus tigripictilis
  Caption: Adult male in display
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. `RIO FORMOSO II`
  Caption: Adult male in Rio Formoso, Mato Grosso do Sul
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (L486)
  Caption: Adult male in spawning condition
• 
  Species: Pelvicachromis subocellatus
  Caption: Adult male of Matadi form
• 
  Species: Thoracochromis demeusii
  Caption: Adult male of possibly T. demeusii
• 
  Species: Lamprologus congoensis
  Caption: Adult male, aquarium strain
• 
  Species: Pelvicachromis pulcher
  Caption: Adult male, aquarium strain
• 
  Species: Wallaceochromis humilis
  Caption: Adult male, Kasewe population
• 
  Species: Pelvicachromis taeniatus
  Caption: Adult male, Niger River
• 
  Species: Lamprologus tigripictilis
  Caption: Adult male, submissive coloration
• 
  Species: Congochromis sabinae
  Caption: Adult pair, male above
• 
  Species: Chromidotilapia melaniae
  Caption: Adult pair, male at right
• 
  Species: Liobagrus mediadiposalis
  Caption: Adult, male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus cf. cirrhosus
  Caption: Albino female
• 
  Species: Ancistrus cf. cirrhosus
  Caption: Albino male and juvenile
• 
  Species: Anomalochromis thomasi
  Caption: Anomalochromis thomasi, male from Sierra Leone
• 
  Species: Betta splendens
  Caption: Black Crown Tail male
• 
  Species: Poecilia reticulata
  Caption: Blue male form
• 
  Species: Scobinancistrus aureatus
  Caption: Body of male showing odontodes
• 
  Species: Laetacara dorsigera
  Caption: Breeding male
• 
  Species: Pseudacanthicus sp. (L452)
  Caption: Breeding male
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria cadeae
  Caption: Cerro Largo, Uruguay (male)
• 
  Species: Ancistomus sp. (L147)
  Caption: Close up of a male and his cheek odontodes
• 
  Species: Hisonotus aky
  Caption: Close-up of female
• 
  Species: Peckoltia sabaji
  Caption: Close-up of female
• 
  Species: Duringlanis perugiae
  Caption: Close-up of female anal fin
• 
  Species: Platystacus cotylephorus
  Caption: Close-up of female and egg
• 
  Species: Rhamdia humilis
  Caption: Close-up of female belly cut open to show roe
• 
  Species: Clarias batrachus
  Caption: Close-up of female genital area
• 
  Species: Chrysichthys brachynema
  Caption: Close-up of female genital area
• 
  Species: Megalodoras uranoscopus
  Caption: Close-up of female genital area
• 
  Species: Goeldiella eques
  Caption: Close-up of female genital area
• 
  Species: Sturisomatichthys aureus
  Caption: Close-up of female genital area
• 
  Species: Leiarius pictus
  Caption: Close-up of female genital area
• 
  Species: Synodontis clarias
  Caption: Close-up of female ventral area
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L316)
  Caption: Close-up of female's cheek
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus furunculus
  Caption: Close-up of female's genital papillae
• 
  Species: Liobagrus marginatus
  Caption: Close-up of female's head
• 
  Species: Oreoglanis omkoiensis
  Caption: Close-up of genital papilla. A, female. B, male.
• 
  Species: Spatuloricaria caquetae
  Caption: Close-up of head (male)
• 
  Species: Farlowella sp. (1)
  Caption: Close-up of head - female
• 
  Species: Chauliocheilos saxatilis
  Caption: Close-up of head / male lip morphology
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L066)
  Caption: Close-up of head of female
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L070)
  Caption: Close-up of head of female
• 
  Species: Panaqolus albivermis
  Caption: Close-up of head of female
• 
  Species: Ancistrus cf. cirrhosus
  Caption: Close-up of head of male
• 
  Species: Hemiancistrus sp. (L128)
  Caption: Close-up of head of male
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus furunculus
  Caption: Close-up of head of male
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L066)
  Caption: Close-up of head of male
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L070)
  Caption: Close-up of head of male
• 
  Species: Leporacanthicus cf. galaxias(l240)
  Caption: Close-up of head of male
• 
  Species: Leporacanthicus cf. galaxias`venezuela`
  Caption: Close-up of head of male
• 
  Species: Leporacanthicus galaxias
  Caption: Close-up of head of male
• 
  Species: Panaqolus albivermis
  Caption: Close-up of head of male
• 
  Species: Peckoltia sp. `RIO TOCANTINS`
  Caption: Close-up of head of male
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria sp. (7)
  Caption: Close-up of head of male
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria sp. (L010A)
  Caption: Close-up of head of male
• 
  Species: Synodontis schoutedeni
  Caption: Close-up of head of male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus cf. cirrhosus
  Caption: Close-up of head of piebald male
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L066)
  Caption: Close-up of head, male
• 
  Species: Auchenipterichthys coracoideus
  Caption: Close-up of male
• 
  Species: Bagrus meridionalis
  Caption: Close-up of Male
• 
  Species: Scleromystax macropterus
  Caption: Close-up of male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus cf. cirrhosus
  Caption: Close-up of male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus cf. cirrhosus
  Caption: Close-up of male
• 
  Species: Hisonotus aky
  Caption: Close-up of male
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus inspector
  Caption: Close-up of male
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus zebra
  Caption: Close-up of male
• 
  Species: Panaque cf. cochliodon`upper magdalena`
  Caption: Close-up of male
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria melini
  Caption: Close-up of male
• 
  Species: Duringlanis perugiae
  Caption: Close-up of male anal fin
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L501)
  Caption: Close-up of male and eggs in spawning cave
• 
  Species: Entomocorus gameroi
  Caption: Close-up of male genital area
• 
  Species: Clarias batrachus
  Caption: Close-up of male genital area
• 
  Species: Chrysichthys brachynema
  Caption: Close-up of male genital area
• 
  Species: Megalodoras uranoscopus
  Caption: Close-up of male genital area
• 
  Species: Goeldiella eques
  Caption: Close-up of male genital area
• 
  Species: Sturisomatichthys aureus
  Caption: Close-up of male genital area
• 
  Species: Leiarius pictus
  Caption: Close-up of male genital area
• 
  Species: Synodontis pardalis
  Caption: Close-up of male genital papillae
• 
  Species: Sturisomatichthys festivus
  Caption: Close-up of male guarding eggs
• 
  Species: Sturisomatichthys reinae
  Caption: Close-up of male guarding eggs
• 
  Species: Entomocorus gameroi
  Caption: Close-up of male head
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria fallax
  Caption: Close-up of male head
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria latirostris
  Caption: Close-up of male orange colour morph
• 
  Species: Farlowella vittata
  Caption: Close-up of male rostrum showing odontodes
• 
  Species: Pseudancistrus sp. (L259)
  Caption: Close-up of male showing cheek bristles
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria lanceolata
  Caption: Close-up of male showing cheek bristles
• 
  Species: Peckoltia sp. `RIO TOCANTINS`
  Caption: Close-up of male showing posterior odontodes
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. `RIO CHIRGUA`
  Caption: Close-up of male showing unbranched head tentacles
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L316)
  Caption: Close-up of male's cheek
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus furunculus
  Caption: Close-up of male's genital papillae
• 
  Species: Panaqolus albivermis
  Caption: Close-up of male's genital papillae
• 
  Species: Liobagrus marginatus
  Caption: Close-up of male's head
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (LDA072)
  Caption: Close-up of male's head
• 
  Species: Leporacanthicus cf. galaxias(l241)
  Caption: Close-up of male's head
• 
  Species: Pareiorhaphis bahiana
  Caption: Close-up of male's head
• 
  Species: Panaqolus albivermis
  Caption: Close-up of male's odontodes
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L174)
  Caption: Close-up of male's pectoral fin
• 
  Species: Baryancistrus sp. (L142)
  Caption: Close-up of males pectoral fin ray
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L316)
  Caption: Close-up of mouth (male)
• 
  Species: Peckoltia sp. (L080)
  Caption: Close-up of mouth (male)
• 
  Species: Ancistrus cf. cirrhosus
  Caption: Close-up of mouth of male
• 
  Species: Microglanis berbixae
  Caption: Close-up of urogenital papillae. A. Female, B. Male.
• 
  Species: Chauliocheilos saxatilis
  Caption: Close-up of ventral view of male's head
• 
  Species: Pseudomystus siamensis
  Caption: Close-up showing sexual dimorphism (male below)
• 
  Species: Synodontis sp. `NAKANBE RIVER`
  Caption: Collected near Tamale, Ghana
• 
  Species: Wallaceochromis rubrolabiatus
  Caption: Courting female
• 
  Species: Parananochromis gabonicus
  Caption: Courting pair, male below
• 
  Species: Epiplatys dageti
  Caption: Developed male
• 
  Species: Epiplatys dageti
  Caption: Developing male
• 
  Species: Epiplatys dageti
  Caption: Developing male
• 
  Species: Clarias batrachus
  Caption: Dorsal view (female)
• 
  Species: Panaqolus dentex
  Caption: Dorsal view (female)
• 
  Species: Peckoltia braueri
  Caption: Dorsal view (female)
• 
  Species: Peckoltia sp. (L080)
  Caption: Dorsal view (female)
• 
  Species: Duringlanis perugiae
  Caption: Dorsal view (male)
• 
  Species: Clarias batrachus
  Caption: Dorsal view (male)
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (L393)
  Caption: Dorsal view (male)
• 
  Species: Panaqolus dentex
  Caption: Dorsal view (male)
• 
  Species: Panaqolus sp. (L169)
  Caption: Dorsal view (male)
• 
  Species: Peckoltia sp. (L080)
  Caption: Dorsal view (male)
• 
  Species: Erethistes jerdoni
  Caption: Dorsal view (male)
• 
  Species: Megalechis picta
  Caption: Dorsal view - adult male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus claro
  Caption: Dorsal view - male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (4)
  Caption: Dorsal view - male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (L255)
  Caption: Dorsal view - male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. `RIO FORMOSO II`
  Caption: Dorsal view after capture (female)
• 
  Species: Bagrichthys macracanthus
  Caption: Dorsal view of adult female
• 
  Species: Amblydoras nauticus
  Caption: Dorsal view of female
• 
  Species: Brochiloricaria chauliodon
  Caption: Dorsal view of female
• 
  Species: Brochiloricaria chauliodon
  Caption: Dorsal view of female
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L070)
  Caption: Dorsal view of female
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L270)
  Caption: Dorsal view of female
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L316)
  Caption: Dorsal view of female
• 
  Species: Pseudacanthicus pirarara
  Caption: Dorsal view of female
• 
  Species: Pseudacanthicus sp. (LDA105)
  Caption: Dorsal view of female
• 
  Species: Pseudolithoxus dumus
  Caption: Dorsal view of female
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria eigenmanni
  Caption: Dorsal view of female
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria sp. (7)
  Caption: Dorsal view of female
• 
  Species: Leporacanthicus cf. galaxias(l241)
  Caption: Dorsal view of female (narrower head)
• 
  Species: Lophiobagrus brevispinis
  Caption: Dorsal view of male
• 
  Species: Brochiloricaria chauliodon
  Caption: Dorsal view of male
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L070)
  Caption: Dorsal view of male
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L316)
  Caption: Dorsal view of male
• 
  Species: Pseudolithoxus dumus
  Caption: Dorsal view of male
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria sp. `LORETO`
  Caption: Dorsal view of male
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria wolfei
  Caption: Dorsal view of male
• 
  Species: Leporacanthicus cf. galaxias(l241)
  Caption: Dorsal view of male (broader head)
• 
  Species: Sturisomatichthys reinae
  Caption: Dorsal view of male's bristles
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria sp. (7)
  Caption: Dorsal view of males
• 
  Species: Sturisomatichthys reinae
  Caption: Dorsal view of males
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln5) elegans
  Caption: Dorsal view of pair - female below
• 
  Species: Pseudancistrus kwinti
  Caption: Dorsal view, male
• 
  Species: Peckoltia sp. `RIO NEGRO II`
  Caption: Dorsal view, sexing (left, females; right, male)
• 
  Species: Farlowella vittata
  Caption: Eggs from 2 females laid over 3 nights
• 
  Species: Leporacanthicus cf. galaxias(l240)
  Caption: Eye of male
• 
  Species: Alestopetersius caudalis
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Liobagrus marginatus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Liobagrus somjinensis
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Aplocheilus lineatus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Aplocheilus panchax
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Bunocephalus coracoideus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Platystacus cotylephorus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Centromochlus orca
  Caption: female
• 
  Species: Duringlanis altae
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Duringlanis altae
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Duringlanis perugiae
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Duringlanis perugiae
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Duringlanis romani
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Entomocorus gameroi
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Ferrarissoaresia ferrarisi
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Glanidium botocudo
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Tatia dunni
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Tatia intermedia
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Trachelyichthys exilis
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Trachelyopterus fisheri
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Trachelyopterus fisheri
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Trachelyopterus fisheri
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Mystus bimaculatus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Mystus carcio
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Mystus vittatus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Bedotia madagascariensis
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Aspidoras sp. (C035)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Aspidoras taurus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln1) sp. (C042)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln1) sp. (Cw124)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln4) guapore
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln5) elegans
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln5) napoensis
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln5) sp. (C089)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln5) sp. (C089)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln5) sp. (C123)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln5) sp. (Cw008)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln5) sp. (Cw018)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln5) sp. (Cw105)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln5) undulatus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln6) diphyes
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln6) diphyes
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln6) longipinnis
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln6) nattereri
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln6) paleatus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln7) aeneus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln8sc3) geryi
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln8sc3) geryi
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln8sc3) pantanalensis
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln8sc4) robustus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) baderi
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) boesemani
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) davidsandsi
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) habrosus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) sp. (C054)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) sp. (Cw069)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) sp. (Cw111)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) sp. (Cw112)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) sp. (Cw140)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) weitzmani
  Caption: female
• 
  Species: Hoplosternum littorale
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Hoplosternum punctatum
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Megalechis picta
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Megalechis picta
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Scleromystax barbatus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Scleromystax kronei
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Scleromystax kronei
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Scleromystax lacerdai
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Scleromystax prionotos
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Scleromystax prionotos
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Scleromystax sp. (Cw067)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Scleromystax sp. (Cw147)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Scleromystax sp. (Cw147)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Cetopsidium soniae
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Cetopsidium soniae
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Cetopsis sandrae
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Hasemania nana
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Hemigrammus filamentosus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Hyphessobrycon megalopterus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Hyphessobrycon sweglesi
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Nematobrycon palmeri
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Apistogramma borellii
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Enigmatochromis lucanusi
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Laetacara curviceps
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Neolamprologus pulcher
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Sciaenochromis ahli
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Steatocranus sp. `ULTRASLENDER`
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Clarias batrachus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Chrysichthys brachynema
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Lophiobagrus brevispinis
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Parauchenoglanis ngamensis
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Parauchenoglanis ngamensis
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Parauchenoglanis ngamensis
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Parauchenoglanis ngamensis
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Desmopuntius hexazona
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Enteromius fasciolatus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Enteromius jae
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Puntius titteya
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Puntius titteya
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Sawbwa resplendens
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Danio rerio
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Amblydoras nauticus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Platydoras armatulus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Tateurndina ocellicauda
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Brachyrhamdia sp. (1)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Brachyrhamdia thayeria
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Nannostomus beckfordi
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Ancistrus cf. cirrhosus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (4)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (5)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (L107)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (L107)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (L393)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (L486)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. `RIO CHIRGUA`
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. `RIO TOCANTINS`
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. `RIO UCAYALI`
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Ancistrus stigmaticus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Baryancistrus xanthellus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Chaetostoma sp. (L455)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Farlowella platorynchus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Farlowella platorynchus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Farlowella platorynchus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Farlowella platorynchus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Hemiancistrus sp. (L128)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Hemiancistrus subviridis
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Hisonotus aky
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L004)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L066)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L070)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L173)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L173)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L173)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L174)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L236)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L236)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L260)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L316)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L316)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L400)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L400)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L411)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L471)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus zebra
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Leporacanthicus cf. galaxias(l241)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Leporacanthicus triactis
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Loricaria simillima
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Neoplecostomus microps
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Otocinclus cocama
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Otocinclus flexilis
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Panaqolus albivermis
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Panaqolus sp. (L169)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Peckoltia braueri
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Peckoltia braueri
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Peckoltia sabaji
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Peckoltia sp. (L038)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Peckoltia sp. (L205)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Peckoltia sp. (L265)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Pseudacanthicus sp. (LDA105)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Pseudohemiodon sp. `MARBLED`
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Pterosturisoma microps
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria aff. latirostris
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria sp. (7)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria sp. (L010A)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria sp. (L010A)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria sp. `BARCELOS`
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria teffeana
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Scobinancistrus aureatus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Scobinancistrus sp. (L253)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Spectracanthicus zuanoni
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Spectracanthicus zuanoni
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Sturisomatichthys aureus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Chiloglanis anoterus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Microsynodontis sp. (1)
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Synodontis multipunctatus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Synodontis notatus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Synodontis pleurops
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Epiplatys dageti
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Betta prima
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Betta smaragdina
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Betta splendens
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Trichopsis vittata
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Gambusia affinis
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Phallichthys amates
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Phalloceros caudimaculatus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Poecilia reticulata
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Poecilia reticulata
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Poecilia wingei
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Poeciliopsis gracilis
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Lacustricola bukobanus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Lacustricola bukobanus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Lacustricola bukobanus
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Pseudopimelodus bufonius
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Pareutropius buffei
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Pareutropius buffei
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Pareutropius buffei
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Schilbe intermedius
  Caption: Female
• 
  Species: Neoheterandria elegans
  Caption: Female (above and behind); male (below)
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L287)
  Caption: Female (above) and F1
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (L180)
  Caption: Female (right) and male (left), ventral view
• 
  Species: Farlowella vittata
  Caption: Female (right) and male guarding eggs
• 
  Species: Pseudacanthicus pirarara
  Caption: Female - close-up of body odontodes
• 
  Species: Pseudacanthicus pirarara
  Caption: Female - close-up of head
• 
  Species: Scobinancistrus sp. (L253)
  Caption: Female - close-up of head
• 
  Species: Pseudacanthicus pirarara
  Caption: Female - close-up of pectoral odontodes
• 
  Species: Chaetostoma formosae
  Caption: Female - dorsal view
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria langei
  Caption: Female - dorsal view
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria maacki
  Caption: Female - dorsal view
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria langei
  Caption: Female - lateral view
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria maacki
  Caption: Female - lateral view
• 
  Species: Chaetostoma formosae
  Caption: Female - ventral view
• 
  Species: Pseudohemiodon aff. apithanos
  Caption: Female - ventral view
• 
  Species: Pseudohemiodon platycephalus
  Caption: Female - ventral view
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria langei
  Caption: Female - ventral view
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria maacki
  Caption: Female - ventral view
• 
  Species: Sturisomatichthys aureus
  Caption: Female - ventral view
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln7) aeneus
  Caption: Female about to lay eggs on glass
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria sp. (L010A)
  Caption: Female above pipe, male inside
• 
  Species: Peckoltia compta
  Caption: Female after spawning - note scratches on right
• 
  Species: Clarias batrachus
  Caption: Female albino
• 
  Species: Panaqolus sp. (L169)
  Caption: Female and juveniles
• 
  Species: Rhamdia humilis
  Caption: Female belly cut open to show roe
• 
  Species: Scobinancistrus aureatus
  Caption: Female body showing absence of odontodes
• 
  Species: Scleromystax barbatus
  Caption: Female carring eggs in pelvic fins
• 
  Species: Platystacus cotylephorus
  Caption: Female carrying egg
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) concolor
  Caption: Female carrying eggs
• 
  Species: Baryancistrus xanthellus
  Caption: Female carrying eggs
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln7) aeneus
  Caption: Female carrying eggs in pelvic fin
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) weitzmani
  Caption: Female carrying eggs in pelvic fins
• 
  Species: Pseudacanthicus pirarara
  Caption: Female close-up
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (L045)
  Caption: Female collected in French Guyana
• 
  Species: Hemichromis lifalili
  Caption: Female from H. cf lifalili, Congo, Moanda region
• 
  Species: Chromidotilapia linkei
  Caption: Female from Mungo River
• 
  Species: Chromidotilapia mamonekenei
  Caption: Female from Mvouti River, Congo/Brazzaville
• 
  Species: Pelvicachromis roloffi
  Caption: Female from the Kolente, Guinea
• 
  Species: Amblyceps laticeps
  Caption: Female gravid with eggs
• 
  Species: Amblyceps laticeps
  Caption: Female gravid with eggs
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L260)
  Caption: Female gravid with eggs.
• 
  Species: Farlowella vittata
  Caption: Female illustrating scutes
• 
  Species: Clarias batrachus
  Caption: Female immediately after spawning
• 
  Species: Clarias batrachus
  Caption: Female immediately before spawning
• 
  Species: Hemichromis cristatus
  Caption: Female in breeding coloration
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. `RIO FORMOSO II`
  Caption: Female in stress colors
• 
  Species: Farlowella vittata
  Caption: Female lateral profile
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) duplicareus
  Caption: Female laying eegs!
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln6) paleatus
  Caption: Female laying eggs
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln6) paleatus
  Caption: Female laying eggs on leaves
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln7) aeneus
  Caption: Female leaving eggs laid on glass
• 
  Species: Pelvicachromis kribensis
  Caption: Female of Bandwouri morph
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (L309)
  Caption: Female on right, male on left
• 
  Species: Hemiancistrus subviridis
  Caption: Female on right, male on left
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria latirostris
  Caption: Female orange colour morph
• 
  Species: Tetranematichthys barthemi
  Caption: Female paratype
• 
  Species: Hypostomus roseopunctatus
  Caption: Female pectoral fin
• 
  Species: Scobinancistrus sp. (L253)
  Caption: Female pectoral fin
• 
  Species: Erethistes horai
  Caption: Female pectoral fin
• 
  Species: Leporacanthicus cf. galaxias(l241)
  Caption: Female pectoral fin (smaller odontodes)
• 
  Species: Ancistomus sp. (L147)
  Caption: Female ripe with eggs and ready to spawn
• 
  Species: Tatia intermedia
  Caption: Female spawning
• 
  Species: Scobinancistrus sp. (L253)
  Caption: Female upper caudal
• 
  Species: Peckoltia sp. (L080)
  Caption: Female vent
• 
  Species: Megalodoras uranoscopus
  Caption: Female ventral view
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) sp. (Cw051)
  Caption: Female with eggs between pelvic fins
• 
  Species: Scleromystax prionotos
  Caption: Female with F1 offspring
• 
  Species: Apistogramma cacatuoides
  Caption: Female, "Double orange" captive bred variant.
• 
  Species: Epactionotus bilineatus
  Caption: Female, 30.6 mm SL
• 
  Species: Panaqolus sp. (L483)
  Caption: Female, caudal peduncle
• 
  Species: Duringlanis perugiae
  Caption: Female, caudal-fin markings like Fowler 1945
• 
  Species: Pseudolithoxus dumus
  Caption: Female, close-up of pectoral fin
• 
  Species: Neoplecostomus microps
  Caption: Female, close-up of single anal/urogenital pore
• 
  Species: Pseudacanthicus leopardus
  Caption: Female, day after laying eggs
• 
  Species: Epactionotus bilineatus
  Caption: Female, dorsal view
• 
  Species: Pareiorhaphis hystrix
  Caption: Female, dorsal view
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria daraha
  Caption: Female, dorsal view
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria sp. `ARGENTINA`
  Caption: Female, Dorsal view
• 
  Species: Pseudolithoxus dumus
  Caption: Female, genital papillae and regular ventral fin
• 
  Species: Otocinclus flexilis
  Caption: Female, showing anus
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln5) sp. (Cw048)
  Caption: Female, Spari Creek
• 
  Species: Epactionotus bilineatus
  Caption: Female, ventral view
• 
  Species: Peckoltia sp. `RIO NEGRO II`
  Caption: Female, ventral view
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria daraha
  Caption: Female, ventral view
• 
  Species: Haplochromis vanheusdeni
  Caption: Female-55mm
• 
  Species: Haplochromis vanheusdeni
  Caption: Female-55mm
• 
  Species: Panaqolus sp. (L374)
  Caption: Female-unusual pattern
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria heteroptera
  Caption: Female. Rio Machado basin, Rio Madeira drainage
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria heteroptera
  Caption: Female. Rio Machado basin, Rio Madeira drainage
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria heteroptera
  Caption: Female. Rio Machado basin, Rio Madeira drainage
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria heteroptera
  Caption: Female. Sex-dimorphic pectoral spine & odontodes
• 
  Species: Ancistomus sp. (L147)
  Caption: Females cheek odontodes
• 
  Species: Scleromystax barbatus
  Caption: Frontal view-male
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L316)
  Caption: Genital papillae of female
• 
  Species: Pseudacanthicus sp. (LDA105)
  Caption: Genital papillae-female
• 
  Species: Pseudecheneis nagalandensis
  Caption: Genital papillae. A) Male. B) Female
• 
  Species: Duringlanis perugiae
  Caption: Gravid female
• 
  Species: Hyalobagrus flavus
  Caption: Gravid female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln5) sp. (C123)
  Caption: Gravid female
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L260)
  Caption: Gravid female
• 
  Species: Leporacanthicus triactis
  Caption: Gravid female
• 
  Species: Parotocinclus sp. `RIO CAQUETA`
  Caption: Gravid female
• 
  Species: Peckoltia compta
  Caption: Gravid female
• 
  Species: Pseudacanthicus leopardus
  Caption: Gravid female
• 
  Species: Pseudacanthicus spinosus
  Caption: Gravid female
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria sp. (L010A)
  Caption: Gravid female
• 
  Species: Synodontis lucipinnis
  Caption: Gravid female
• 
  Species: Otocinclus vittatus
  Caption: Gravid female showing yellowish eggs
• 
  Species: Parotocinclus sp. `RIO CAQUETA`
  Caption: Gravid female, dorsal view
• 
  Species: Rita kuturnee
  Caption: Gravid female, Tungabhadra River, Karnataka,India
• 
  Species: Parotocinclus sp. `RIO CAQUETA`
  Caption: Gravid female, ventral view
• 
  Species: Silurus triostegus
  Caption: Habitat: Dez River at Harmaleh
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. `RIO FORMOSO II`
  Caption: Head after capture (female)
• 
  Species: Scobinancistrus aureatus
  Caption: Head of female
• 
  Species: Scobinancistrus aureatus
  Caption: Head of male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. `RIO FORMOSO II`
  Caption: Head of male in Rio Formoso
• 
  Species: Ancistrus cf. cirrhosus
  Caption: Head-on view of albino male
• 
  Species: Clarias batrachus
  Caption: Heavily gravid female
• 
  Species: Hisonotus bockmanni
  Caption: Holotype, dorsal view. Female, 21.9mm SL
• 
  Species: Paralithoxus mocidade
  Caption: Holotype, dorsal. Female.
• 
  Species: Gelanoglanis varii
  Caption: Holotype, female
• 
  Species: Parotocinclus jacumirim
  Caption: Holotype, female
• 
  Species: Hisonotus bockmanni
  Caption: Holotype, female, 21.9mm SL
• 
  Species: Epactionotus advenus
  Caption: Holotype, female, 35.4 mm SL
• 
  Species: Paralithoxus mocidade
  Caption: Holotype, female.
• 
  Species: Ferrarissoaresia meridionalis
  Caption: Holotype, male
• 
  Species: Pareiorhaphis vetula
  Caption: Holotype, male
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria isaaci
  Caption: Holotype, male
• 
  Species: Microglanis berbixae
  Caption: Holotype, male 54.2 mm SL
• 
  Species: Pareiorhaphis vetula
  Caption: Holotype, male, dorsal view
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria isaaci
  Caption: Holotype, male, dorsal view
• 
  Species: Pareiorhaphis vetula
  Caption: Holotype, male, ventral view
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria isaaci
  Caption: Holotype, male, ventral view
• 
  Species: Ferrarissoaresia meridionalis
  Caption: Holotype, male; Dorsal view
• 
  Species: Ferrarissoaresia meridionalis
  Caption: Holotype, male; Ventral view
• 
  Species: Hisonotus bockmanni
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view. Female, 21.9mm SL
• 
  Species: Paralithoxus mocidade
  Caption: Holotype, ventral. Female.
• 
  Species: Tatia akroa
  Caption: Holotype. Male.
• 
  Species: Tatia akroa
  Caption: Holotype. Male. Dorsal view
• 
  Species: Tatia akroa
  Caption: Holotype. Male. Ventral view
• 
  Species: Corumbataia acanthodela
  Caption: Hypertrophied odontodes on head of male
• 
  Species: Astroblepus sabalo
  Caption: Intromittent organ of sexually mature male. (A) Lateral view. (B) Ventral view. af, anal fin.
• 
  Species: Betta albimarginata
  Caption: Juvenile female
• 
  Species: Panaqolus maccus
  Caption: Juvenile in foreground, adult female in background
• 
  Species: Glossolepis incisa
  Caption: Juvenile male
• 
  Species: Betta albimarginata
  Caption: Juvenile Male
• 
  Species: Pseudacanthicus cf. leopardus
  Caption: Juvenile male below, female above (approx 5-6cm)
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) boesemani
  Caption: Juvenile male just caught
• 
  Species: Baryancistrus xanthellus
  Caption: L081 close-up of female head
• 
  Species: Baryancistrus xanthellus
  Caption: L081 close-up of male head
• 
  Species: Baryancistrus xanthellus
  Caption: L085 adult female
• 
  Species: Baryancistrus xanthellus
  Caption: L085 adult male
• 
  Species: Dekeyseria picta
  Caption: L168, male guarding eggs
• 
  Species: Dekeyseria picta
  Caption: L168, male with eggs in square pipe
• 
  Species: Pseudolithoxus kinja
  Caption: L492, Female, close-up of mouth
• 
  Species: Pseudolithoxus kinja
  Caption: L492, Male, close-up of mouth
• 
  Species: Pseudancistrus kwinti
  Caption: Lateral view, male
• 
  Species: Alestopetersius caudalis
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Phenacogrammus interruptus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Amblyceps laticeps
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Liobagrus marginatus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Aplocheilus lineatus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Bunocephalus coracoideus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Bunocephalus coracoideus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Platystacus cotylephorus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Platystacus cotylephorus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Ageneiosus polystictus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Auchenipterichthys coracoideus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Duringlanis altae
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Duringlanis altae
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Duringlanis perugiae
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Duringlanis perugiae
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Entomocorus gameroi
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Entomocorus gameroi
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Entomocorus gameroi
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Entomocorus gameroi
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Glanidium botocudo
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Tatia concolor
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Tatia dunni
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Tatia dunni
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Tatia gyrina
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Tatia intermedia
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Tatia strigata
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Tatia strigata
  Caption: male
• 
  Species: Tetranematichthys quadrifilis
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Trachelyichthys exilis
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Trachelyichthys exilis
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Trachelyichthys exilis
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Trachelyichthys exilis
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Trachelyichthys exilis
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Trachelyopterus fisheri
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Trachelyopterus fisheri
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Bagrichthys macracanthus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Mystus carcio
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Mystus vittatus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Bedotia madagascariensis
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln1) sp. (Cw124)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln4) guapore
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln5) napoensis
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln5) sp. (C089)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln5) sp. (C123)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln5) sp. (Cw008)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln5) sp. (Cw018)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln5) sp. (Cw048)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln5) sp. (Cw105)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln5) undulatus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln5) undulatus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln6) paleatus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln6) paleatus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln6) tukano
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln8sc3) geryi
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln8sc3) geryi
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln8sc3) pantanalensis
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln8sc3) pantanalensis
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln8sc4) sp. (C141)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) baderi
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) boesemani
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) caudimaculatus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) concolor
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) concolor
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) loretoensis
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) similis
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) sp. (C054)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) sp. (Cw069)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) sp. (Cw111)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) sp. (Cw112)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) sp. (Cw140)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Hoplosternum littorale
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Hoplosternum magdalenae
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Hoplosternum punctatum
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Megalechis picta
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Megalechis picta
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Megalechis picta
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Megalechis thoracata
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Scleromystax barbatus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Scleromystax barbatus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Scleromystax kronei
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Scleromystax kronei
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Scleromystax kronei
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Scleromystax lacerdai
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Scleromystax macropterus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Scleromystax macropterus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Scleromystax prionotos
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Scleromystax sp. (C112)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Scleromystax sp. (C112)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Scleromystax sp. (Cw038)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Scleromystax sp. (Cw038)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Scleromystax sp. (Cw038)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Scleromystax sp. (Cw067)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Scleromystax sp. (Cw147)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Cetopsidium soniae
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Cetopsis orinoco
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Cetopsis orinoco
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Cetopsis sandrae
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Cetopsis umbrosa
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Hasemania nana
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Hemigrammus filamentosus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Hyphessobrycon megalopterus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Hyphessobrycon megalopterus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Hyphessobrycon sweglesi
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Hyphessobrycon sweglesi
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Nematobrycon palmeri
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Apistogramma bitaeniata
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Apistogramma borellii
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Apistogramma cacatuoides
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Apistogramma elizabethae
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Enigmatochromis lucanusi
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Mikrogeophagus ramirezi
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Mikrogeophagus ramirezi
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Oreochromis niloticus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor victoriae
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Pseudocrenilabrus nicholsi
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Sciaenochromis ahli
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Steatocranus sp. `ULTRASLENDER`
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Clarias batrachus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Chrysichthys brachynema
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Lophiobagrus brevispinis
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Lophiobagrus brevispinis
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Lophiobagrus brevispinis
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Parauchenoglanis ngamensis
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Parauchenoglanis ngamensis
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Parauchenoglanis ngamensis
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Parauchenoglanis ngamensis
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Parauchenoglanis pantherinus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Parauchenoglanis pantherinus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Parauchenoglanis pantherinus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Parauchenoglanis pantherinus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Parauchenoglanis pantherinus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Desmopuntius hexazona
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Enteromius fasciolatus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Enteromius jae
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Puntius titteya
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Puntius titteya
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Sawbwa resplendens
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Sawbwa resplendens
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Sawbwa resplendens
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Danio rerio
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Amblydoras nauticus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Amblydoras nauticus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Platydoras armatulus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Tateurndina ocellicauda
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Pseudogobius avicennia
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Rhinogobius candidianus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Brachyrhamdia sp. (1)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Nannostomus beckfordi
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Nannostomus beckfordi
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus cf. cirrhosus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus cf. cirrhosus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus cirrhosus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus claro
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus claro
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus falconensis
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus ranunculus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (4)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (5)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (L088)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (L107)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (L325)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (L509)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. `RIO CHIRGUA`
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. `RIO TOCANTINS`
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus stigmaticus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus trinitatis
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Baryancistrus sp. (L142)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Brochiloricaria chauliodon
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Chaetostoma sp. (L455)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Corymbophanes ameliae
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Farlowella platorynchus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Farlowella platorynchus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Farlowella platorynchus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Hemiancistrus sp. (L128)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Hemiancistrus sp. (L128)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Hemiancistrus sp. (L128)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Hemiancistrus sp. (L128)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Hemiancistrus sp. (L128)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Hemiancistrus subviridis
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Hisonotus aky
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus debilittera
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L004)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L066)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L066)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L173)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L173)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L173)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L236)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L260)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L316)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L316)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L316)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L333)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L333)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L471)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Lamontichthys filamentosus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Leporacanthicus cf. galaxias(l241)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Leporacanthicus cf. galaxias`venezuela`
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Leporacanthicus triactis
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Loricaria simillima
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Neoplecostomus microps
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Otocinclus cocama
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Otocinclus flexilis
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Panaqolus albivermis
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Panaqolus albivermis
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Panaqolus changae
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Panaqolus maccus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Panaqolus sp. (L403)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Pareiorhaphis bahiana
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Peckoltia braueri
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Peckoltia lineola
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Peckoltia lujani
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Peckoltia sp. (L038)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Peckoltia sp. (L076)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Peckoltia sp. (L080)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Peckoltia sp. (L205)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Peckoltia sp. (L205)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Peckoltia sp. (L205)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Peckoltia sp. (L265)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Peckoltia sp. `RIO TOCANTINS`
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Pseudacanthicus pitanga
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Pseudacanthicus pitanga
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Pseudacanthicus spinosus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria aff. latirostris
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria eigenmanni
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria eigenmanni
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria fallax
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria lanceolata
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria lanceolata
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria melini
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria sp. (7)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria sp. (7)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria sp. (7)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria sp. (L010A)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria sp. (L042)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria sp. `BARCELOS`
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Scobinancistrus aureatus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Scobinancistrus sp. (L253)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Scobinancistrus sp. (L253)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Spatuloricaria caquetae
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Spectracanthicus zuanoni
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Sturisomatichthys reinae
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Glossolepis incisa
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Glossolepis incisa
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Microsynodontis sp. (1)
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Synodontis multipunctatus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Synodontis nigriventris
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Synodontis notatus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Synodontis pleurops
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Fundulopanchax amieti
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Betta prima
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Betta smaragdina
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Trichopsis vittata
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Etheostoma caeruleum
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Gambusia affinis
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Heterandria formosa
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Poecilia perugiae
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Poecilia reticulata
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Poecilia reticulata
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Poecilia wingei
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Lacustricola bukobanus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Lacustricola bukobanus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Lacustricola bukobanus
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Pseudopimelodus bufonius
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Pareutropius buffei
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Pareutropius buffei
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Schilbe intermedius
  Caption: Male
• 
  Species: Erethistes horai
  Caption: male
• 
  Species: Hemiancistrus guahiborum
  Caption: Male & female, dorsal view
• 
  Species: Loricaria simillima
  Caption: Male 'sitting on' (lipbrooding) egg clutch
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L004)
  Caption: Male (:L028)
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) similis
  Caption: Male (below) with female laying eggs (in fins)
• 
  Species: Ferrarissoaresia ferrarisi
  Caption: Male (Dorsal view of holotype)
• 
  Species: Scleromystax macropterus
  Caption: Male (dorsal view)
• 
  Species: Clarias batrachus
  Caption: Male (foreground) and sub-dominant female
• 
  Species: Ferrarissoaresia ferrarisi
  Caption: Male (Holotype)
• 
  Species: Panaqolus maccus
  Caption: Male (left) / female (right) differences
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) griseus
  Caption: Male (old)
• 
  Species: Synodontis lucipinnis
  Caption: Male (on right) chasing gravid female
• 
  Species: Poecilia wingei
  Caption: Male (possibly hybrid)
• 
  Species: Baryancistrus beggini
  Caption: Male (right) with Ancistrus sp.
• 
  Species: Ancistrus formoso
  Caption: Male (same individual as right)1 year in captivity
• 
  Species: Megalechis picta
  Caption: Male (showing near-touching coracoids)
• 
  Species: Ferrarissoaresia ferrarisi
  Caption: Male (Ventral view of holotype)
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria teffeana
  Caption: Male - close-up of head
• 
  Species: Scobinancistrus sp. (L253)
  Caption: Male - close-up of head
• 
  Species: Chaetostoma formosae
  Caption: Male - close-up of ventral view
• 
  Species: Peckoltia sp. (L140)
  Caption: Male - dorsal view
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria langei
  Caption: Male - dorsal view
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria maacki
  Caption: Male - dorsal view
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria langei
  Caption: Male - lateral view
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria maacki
  Caption: Male - lateral view
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria latirostris
  Caption: Male - orange colour morph
• 
  Species: Chaetostoma formosae
  Caption: Male - ventral view
• 
  Species: Pseudohemiodon aff. apithanos
  Caption: Male - ventral view
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria langei
  Caption: Male - ventral view
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria maacki
  Caption: Male - ventral view
• 
  Species: Sturisomatichthys aureus
  Caption: Male - ventral view
• 
  Species: Ancistrus cf. cirrhosus
  Caption: Male - wild caught - possibly the original species or at least one of those involved?
• 
  Species: Ancistrus cf. cirrhosus
  Caption: Male albino veiltail
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L501)
  Caption: Male and eggs in spawning cave
• 
  Species: Ancistrus claro
  Caption: Male and female in cave laying eggs
• 
  Species: Clarias batrachus
  Caption: Male at its favourite place in front of a cave
• 
  Species: Phenacogrammus interruptus
  Caption: Male below, female above
• 
  Species: Pseudacanthicus cf. leopardus
  Caption: Male below, female above
• 
  Species: Hoplosternum littorale
  Caption: Male building nest
• 
  Species: Pseudohemiodon sp. `MARBLED`
  Caption: Male carrying eggs
• 
  Species: Pseudacanthicus pirarara
  Caption: Male close-up
• 
  Species: Megalechis thoracata
  Caption: Male during spawning
• 
  Species: Sturisomatichthys aureus
  Caption: Male fanning eggs - lateral view
• 
  Species: Hemichromis letourneuxi
  Caption: Male from Lake Maryut, Egypt
• 
  Species: Chromidotilapia linkei
  Caption: Male from Mungo River
• 
  Species: Pelvicachromis roloffi
  Caption: Male from the Kolente, Guinea
• 
  Species: Ctenochromis polli
  Caption: Male from unknown origing
• 
  Species: Pseudomystus siamensis
  Caption: Male genital papillae
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L174)
  Caption: Male genital papillae
• 
  Species: Synodontis waterloti
  Caption: Male genital papillae
• 
  Species: Leporacanthicus cf. galaxias(l241)
  Caption: Male guarding cave
• 
  Species: Leporacanthicus cf. galaxias(l241)
  Caption: Male guarding cave
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus zebra
  Caption: Male guarding egg clutch (right)
• 
  Species: Geophagus sp. `TAPAJOS RED HEAD`
  Caption: Male guarding eggs
• 
  Species: Laetacara dorsigera
  Caption: Male guarding eggs
• 
  Species: Laetacara dorsigera
  Caption: Male guarding eggs
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (L107)
  Caption: Male guarding eggs
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus zebra
  Caption: Male guarding eggs
• 
  Species: Leporacanthicus cf. galaxias`venezuela`
  Caption: Male guarding eggs
• 
  Species: Panaqolus sp. (L169)
  Caption: Male guarding eggs
• 
  Species: Peckoltia compta
  Caption: Male guarding eggs
• 
  Species: Peckoltia sp. (L205)
  Caption: Male guarding eggs
• 
  Species: Pseudohemiodon aff. apithanos
  Caption: Male guarding eggs
• 
  Species: Pseudohemiodon lamina
  Caption: Male guarding eggs
• 
  Species: Pseudohemiodon lamina
  Caption: Male guarding eggs
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria sp. (7)
  Caption: Male guarding eggs
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria sp. (7)
  Caption: Male guarding eggs
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria sp. (L010A)
  Caption: Male guarding eggs
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria wolfei
  Caption: Male guarding eggs
• 
  Species: Sturisomatichthys reinae
  Caption: Male guarding eggs
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. `RIO CHIRGUA`
  Caption: Male guarding eggs in his spawning tube
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L066)
  Caption: Male guarding eggs in pipe cave
• 
  Species: Sturisomatichthys reinae
  Caption: Male guarding eggs on aquarium glass
• 
  Species: Clarias batrachus
  Caption: Male guarding fry
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L260)
  Caption: Male guarding fry
• 
  Species: Panaqolus sp. (L169)
  Caption: Male guarding fry
• 
  Species: Peckoltia vittata
  Caption: Male guarding fry
• 
  Species: Noturus phaeus
  Caption: Male guarding small yellow eggs
• 
  Species: Farlowella vittata
  Caption: Male illustrating odontodes on rostrum
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L260)
  Caption: Male in breeding cave
• 
  Species: Lophiobagrus brevispinis
  Caption: Male in breeding pipe
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. `RIO FORMOSO II`
  Caption: Male in cave
• 
  Species: Peckoltia sabaji
  Caption: Male in cave
• 
  Species: Chaca chaca
  Caption: Male in cave with eggs
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus lunaorum
  Caption: Male in cave with fry
• 
  Species: Ancistomus sp. (L147)
  Caption: Male in front of his spawning cave
• 
  Species: Leporacanthicus triactis
  Caption: Male in his cave
• 
  Species: Peckoltia sp. (L038)
  Caption: Male in spawning cave
• 
  Species: Platydoras armatulus
  Caption: Male in spawning colour
• 
  Species: Farlowella vittata
  Caption: Male Lateral Profile
• 
  Species: Apistogramma cacatuoides
  Caption: Male of "Double orange" captive bred form
• 
  Species: Astatotilapia burtoni
  Caption: Male of Astatotilapia burtoni, aquarium strain
• 
  Species: Betta mandor
  Caption: Male of B. mandor in display
• 
  Species: Pelvicachromis kribensis
  Caption: Male of Bandewouri morph
• 
  Species: Peckoltia vittata
  Caption: Male on top clearly showing the body odontodes
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria latirostris
  Caption: Male orange colour morph
• 
  Species: Hypostomus roseopunctatus
  Caption: Male pectoral fin
• 
  Species: Leporacanthicus cf. galaxias(l241)
  Caption: Male pectoral fin
• 
  Species: Scobinancistrus sp. (L253)
  Caption: Male pectoral fin
• 
  Species: Clarias batrachus
  Caption: Male piebald
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L174)
  Caption: Male positioned outside breeding cave
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus zebra
  Caption: Male scarred by fighting
• 
  Species: Cetopsis coecutiens
  Caption: Male showing dorsal filament
• 
  Species: Bagrichthys macracanthus
  Caption: Male showing genital papillae
• 
  Species: Bagrichthys macracanthus
  Caption: Male showing genital papillae (white)
• 
  Species: Bagrichthys macracanthus
  Caption: Male showing genital papillae (white)
• 
  Species: Peckoltia sp. (L080)
  Caption: Male showing odontodes
• 
  Species: Geophagus sp. `TAPAJOS RED HEAD`
  Caption: Male showing read head.
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria eigenmanni
  Caption: Male sitting on green eggs
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln5) bilineatus
  Caption: male specimen in phototank
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln5) bilineatus
  Caption: male specimen right after collecting
• 
  Species: Dianema longibarbis
  Caption: Male tending bubblenest
• 
  Species: Pseudacanthicus spinosus
  Caption: Male trapping female in cave
• 
  Species: Peckoltia sp. (L080)
  Caption: Male vent
• 
  Species: Megalodoras uranoscopus
  Caption: Male ventral view
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L066)
  Caption: Male with brood
• 
  Species: Pseudohemiodon sp. `MARBLED`
  Caption: Male with brood
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (L486)
  Caption: Male with egg clutch
• 
  Species: Ancistrus cf. cirrhosus
  Caption: Male with eggs
• 
  Species: Ancistrus cf. cirrhosus
  Caption: Male with eggs
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (L393)
  Caption: Male with eggs
• 
  Species: Hemiodontichthys acipenserinus
  Caption: Male with eggs
• 
  Species: Hemiodontichthys acipenserinus
  Caption: Male with eggs
• 
  Species: Hemiodontichthys acipenserinus
  Caption: Male with eggs
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L411)
  Caption: Male with eggs
• 
  Species: Loricaria sp. `RIO ATABAPO`
  Caption: Male with eggs
• 
  Species: Panaqolus changae
  Caption: Male with eggs
• 
  Species: Pseudohemiodon aff. apithanos
  Caption: Male with eggs
• 
  Species: Pseudohemiodon sp. `MARBLED`
  Caption: Male with eggs
• 
  Species: Pseudohemiodon sp. `PERU I`
  Caption: Male with eggs
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria eigenmanni
  Caption: Male with eggs
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria sp. (L010A)
  Caption: Male with eggs
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria sp. `URUGUAY`
  Caption: Male with eggs
• 
  Species: Sturisomatichthys festivus
  Caption: Male with eggs
• 
  Species: Sturisomatichthys festivus
  Caption: Male with eggs
• 
  Species: Pseudacanthicus pirarara
  Caption: Male with eggs in cave
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L260)
  Caption: Male with erect odontodes
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L260)
  Caption: Male with fry in cave
• 
  Species: Megalechis thoracata
  Caption: Male with offspring
• 
  Species: Dawkinsia assimilis
  Caption: Male with tubercles.
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (L486)
  Caption: Male with two egg clutches
• 
  Species: Tatia galaxias
  Caption: Male's enlongated upper caudal fin lobe
• 
  Species: Epactionotus gracilis
  Caption: Male, 28.2 mm SL
• 
  Species: Epactionotus bilineatus
  Caption: Male, 34.3 mm SL
• 
  Species: Epactionotus itaimbezinho
  Caption: Male, 34.9 mm SL
• 
  Species: Panaque sp. (L191)
  Caption: Male, 36 cm TL
• 
  Species: Panaqolus sp. (L483)
  Caption: Male, caudal peduncle
• 
  Species: Neoplecostomus microps
  Caption: Male, close-up of epidermal growth on pelvic fin
• 
  Species: Chaca chaca
  Caption: Male, close-up of face
• 
  Species: Spatuloricaria sp. `RIO NANAY`
  Caption: Male, close-up of head
• 
  Species: Pseudolithoxus dumus
  Caption: Male, close-up of pectoral fin
• 
  Species: Neoplecostomus microps
  Caption: Male, close-up of separate anal & urogenital pores
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria platyura
  Caption: Male, collected from the Comte River
• 
  Species: Epactionotus bilineatus
  Caption: Male, dorsal view
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria daraha
  Caption: Male, dorsal view
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria sp. `ARGENTINA`
  Caption: Male, Dorsal view
• 
  Species: Dekeyseria picta
  Caption: Male, elongated pelvic fin beyond pelvic fin spine
• 
  Species: Pseudolithoxus dumus
  Caption: Male, genital papillae and longer ventral fin
• 
  Species: Characodon audax
  Caption: Male, Guadalupe Aguilera
• 
  Species: Betta splendens
  Caption: Male, half-moon variety, multicolour
• 
  Species: Ageneiosus inermis
  Caption: Male, Kurisevo River, Brazil
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln8sc4) delphax
  Caption: Male, left. Female, right.
• 
  Species: Betta splendens
  Caption: Male, long finned
• 
  Species: Betta splendens
  Caption: Male, long finned
• 
  Species: Betta splendens
  Caption: Male, long finned
• 
  Species: Betta splendens
  Caption: Male, longfinned variety.
• 
  Species: Tatia intermedia
  Caption: Male, note enlarged upper caudal lobe
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln1) sp. (C042)
  Caption: Male, note the pectoral fin
• 
  Species: Aulonocara jacobfreibergi
  Caption: Male, Otter Point
• 
  Species: Xiphophorus hellerii
  Caption: Male, red variant
• 
  Species: Otocinclus flexilis
  Caption: Male, showing anus and urogenital papilla
• 
  Species: Hemiancistrus guahiborum
  Caption: Male, showing pectoral odontodes
• 
  Species: Lamontichthys filamentosus
  Caption: Male, showing pectoral spines
• 
  Species: Rita kuturnee
  Caption: Male, Tungabhadra River, Karnataka,India
• 
  Species: Epactionotus bilineatus
  Caption: Male, ventral view
• 
  Species: Peckoltia sp. `RIO NEGRO II`
  Caption: Male, ventral view
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria daraha
  Caption: Male, ventral view
• 
  Species: Liobagrus somjinensis
  Caption: Male.
• 
  Species: Nannostomus rubrocaudatus
  Caption: Male.
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria heteroptera
  Caption: Male. Sex-dimorphic pectoral spine & odontodes
• 
  Species: Ancistrus cf. cirrhosus
  Caption: Males
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln8sc4) sp. (C141)
  Caption: Males (center) in breeding color
• 
  Species: Pelvicachromis taeniatus wouri
  Caption: Nearly adult male
• 
  Species: Panaqolus sp. (L374)
  Caption: Nine months, forground-adult male above
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria eigenmanni
  Caption: Odontodes on male's head, cheeks & pectoral fins
• 
  Species: Apistogramma cacatuoides
  Caption: Orange variant - female.
• 
  Species: Apistogramma cacatuoides
  Caption: Orange variant - male.
• 
  Species: Nanochromis dimidiatus
  Caption: Pair "Leza", male at right
• 
  Species: Panaqolus dentex
  Caption: Pair (female - right)
• 
  Species: Peckoltia sabaji
  Caption: Pair (female - right)
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus debilittera
  Caption: Pair (female right)
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln6) diphyes
  Caption: Pair (female to left)
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) sp. (C121)
  Caption: Pair (female to left)
• 
  Species: Ancistrus dolichopterus
  Caption: Pair (Male center)
• 
  Species: Pseudohemiodon sp. `MARBLED`
  Caption: Pair (male to right)
• 
  Species: Mystus vittatus
  Caption: Pair - female above
• 
  Species: Pseudomystus siamensis
  Caption: Pair - female above
• 
  Species: Pseudomystus siamensis
  Caption: Pair - female above
• 
  Species: Agamyxis pectinifrons
  Caption: Pair - female above
• 
  Species: Brachyrhamdia sp. (1)
  Caption: Pair - female above
• 
  Species: Goeldiella eques
  Caption: Pair - female above
• 
  Species: Synodontis notatus
  Caption: Pair - female above
• 
  Species: Pseudopimelodus bufonius
  Caption: Pair - female above
• 
  Species: Schilbe intermedius
  Caption: Pair - female above
• 
  Species: Auchenipterichthys coracoideus
  Caption: Pair - female below
• 
  Species: Megalechis picta
  Caption: Pair - female below
• 
  Species: Chrysichthys brachynema
  Caption: Pair - female below
• 
  Species: Megalodoras uranoscopus
  Caption: Pair - female below
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria lanceolata
  Caption: Pair - female below
• 
  Species: Sturisoma barbatum
  Caption: Pair - female below
• 
  Species: Sturisomatichthys reinae
  Caption: Pair - female below
• 
  Species: Synodontis pleurops
  Caption: Pair - female below
• 
  Species: Ompok eugeneiatus
  Caption: Pair - female below
• 
  Species: Delturus sp. (1)
  Caption: Pair - female in foregound
• 
  Species: Amaralia hypsiura
  Caption: Pair - female on left
• 
  Species: Synodontis lucipinnis
  Caption: Pair - female on left
• 
  Species: Ancistrus ranunculus
  Caption: Pair - female on right
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln7) venezuelanus
  Caption: Pair - female to rear
• 
  Species: Synodontis sp. `POLLI WHITE`
  Caption: Pair - female to right
• 
  Species: Synodontis sp. `POLLI WHITE`
  Caption: Pair - female to right
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus zebra
  Caption: Pair - female top
• 
  Species: Peckoltia lujani
  Caption: Pair - male on right
• 
  Species: Peckoltia lujani
  Caption: Pair - male on top
• 
  Species: Cetopsis sandrae
  Caption: Pair - male to front
• 
  Species: Megalechis picta
  Caption: Pair courting (female on right)
• 
  Species: Thysochromis ansorgii
  Caption: Pair from Benin, female in front
• 
  Species: Benitochromis riomuniensis
  Caption: Pair from the Lobe region, male above
• 
  Species: Pelvicachromis kribensis
  Caption: Pair of Moliwe morph, male above
• 
  Species: Nanochromis consortus
  Caption: Pair of N. cf consortus, female above
• 
  Species: Pelvicachromis sacrimontis
  Caption: Pair of red morph, female at right
• 
  Species: Chromidotilapia kingsleyi
  Caption: Pair with fry from Burkina Faso, female at right
• 
  Species: Benitochromis nigrodorsalis
  Caption: Pair with fry, male in front
• 
  Species: Tatia strigata
  Caption: Pair, female above
• 
  Species: Spectracanthicus zuanoni
  Caption: Pair, female above
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) sp. (Cw127)
  Caption: Pair, female above.
• 
  Species: Teleogramma brichardi
  Caption: Pair, female at left
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln8sc4) condiscipulus
  Caption: Pair, female below
• 
  Species: Parancistrus nudiventris
  Caption: Pair, female below
• 
  Species: Etia nguti
  Caption: Pair, female in front
• 
  Species: Teleogramma depressa
  Caption: Pair, female in front
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln9) sp. (Cw111)
  Caption: Pair, female left
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (3)
  Caption: Pair, female left
• 
  Species: Pseudacanthicus spinosus
  Caption: Pair, female left
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L173)
  Caption: Pair, female right
• 
  Species: Parotocinclus jumbo
  Caption: Pair, female right
• 
  Species: Copella arnoldi
  Caption: Pair, female to left
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria eigenmanni
  Caption: Pair, female to left
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria parva
  Caption: Pair, female to left
• 
  Species: Ageneiosus polystictus
  Caption: Pair, female to right
• 
  Species: Tatia dunni
  Caption: Pair, female to right
• 
  Species: Hemiancistrus sp. (L128)
  Caption: Pair, female to right
• 
  Species: Panaqolus maccus
  Caption: Pair, gravid female to left
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (L071)
  Caption: Pair, male above
• 
  Species: Hemiancistrus sp. (L128)
  Caption: Pair, male above
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L270)
  Caption: Pair, male above
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L340)
  Caption: Pair, male above
• 
  Species: Pseudacanthicus leopardus
  Caption: Pair, male above
• 
  Species: Pareutropius buffei
  Caption: Pair, male above
• 
  Species: Trichogenes claviger
  Caption: Pair, male above
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln8sc3) pantanalensis
  Caption: Pair, male below
• 
  Species: Hemiancistrus sp. (L128)
  Caption: Pair, male below
• 
  Species: Chaca chaca
  Caption: Pair, male in cave
• 
  Species: Trachelyopterus fisheri
  Caption: Pair, male in foreground
• 
  Species: Divandu albimarginatus
  Caption: Pair, male in front
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln7) eques
  Caption: Pair, male in front, from Anori, Brazil
• 
  Species: Sorubim elongatus
  Caption: Pair, male lower
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L270)
  Caption: Pair, male on left
• 
  Species: Peckoltia compta
  Caption: Pair, male on left
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln7) sp. (Cw010)
  Caption: Pair, male on right
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L070)
  Caption: Pair, male on right
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L270)
  Caption: Pair, male on right
• 
  Species: Peckoltia sp. (L076)
  Caption: Pair, male on the right
• 
  Species: Pseudancistrus barbatus
  Caption: Pair, male to left
• 
  Species: Tatia gyrina
  Caption: Pair, male to right
• 
  Species: Leporacanthicus cf. galaxias(l240)
  Caption: Pair, male to the left
• 
  Species: Enigmatochromis lucanusi
  Caption: Pair, normal coloration, female below
• 
  Species: Aspidoras spilotus
  Caption: Pair-male above
• 
  Species: Paralithoxus mocidade
  Caption: Paratype, dorsal. Male.
• 
  Species: Ferrarissoaresia meridionalis
  Caption: Paratype, female
• 
  Species: Pareiorhaphis vetula
  Caption: Paratype, female, dorsal view
• 
  Species: Hisonotus bockmanni
  Caption: Paratype, female. 23.2mm SL
• 
  Species: Paralithoxus mocidade
  Caption: Paratype, female. Photo by Haroldo Palo Jr.
• 
  Species: Ferrarissoaresia meridionalis
  Caption: Paratype, female; Dorsal view
• 
  Species: Ferrarissoaresia meridionalis
  Caption: Paratype, female; Ventral view
• 
  Species: Gelanoglanis varii
  Caption: Paratype, male
• 
  Species: Paralithoxus mocidade
  Caption: Paratype, male.
• 
  Species: Paralithoxus mocidade
  Caption: Paratype, ventral. Male.
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus sp. (L316)
  Caption: Pectoral fin spine of female
• 
  Species: Peckoltia compta
  Caption: Posterior half of female showing no odontode growth
• 
  Species: Peckoltia compta
  Caption: Posterior half of male showing odontode growth
• 
  Species: Chromobotia macracanthus
  Caption: Ripe female (left) and ripe male (right)
• 
  Species: Astatotilapia flavijosephii
  Caption: Semiadult male
• 
  Species: Limbochromis robertsi
  Caption: Semiadult male
• 
  Species: Nanochromis parilus
  Caption: Semiadult male
• 
  Species: Parananochromis longirostris
  Caption: Semiadult specimen, possibly amale
• 
  Species: Pterocryptis barakensis
  Caption: Sexual dimorphism: (left) Male, (right) Female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln6) froehlichi
  Caption: Sexual dimorphism: Male (left), Female (right)
• 
  Species: Epactionotus advenus
  Caption: Sexual dimporphism: a) Male; b) female
• 
  Species: Corydoras(ln4) guapore
  Caption: Spawning - female to front with eggs in fins
• 
  Species: Herotilapia multispinosa
  Caption: Spawning male
• 
  Species: Steatocranus casuarius
  Caption: Spawning pair - female below
• 
  Species: Lepomis cyanellus
  Caption: Subadult Female
• 
  Species: Etheostoma blennioides
  Caption: Subadult Male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus cf. cirrhosus
  Caption: Super red, male.
• 
  Species: Ancistomus sp. (L147)
  Caption: The male ushers the female gently into the cave
• 
  Species: Chromidotilapia nana
  Caption: Two males in display
• 
  Species: Nanochromis teugelsi
  Caption: Two males, one female at left
• 
  Species: Bagrus meridionalis
  Caption: Underwater shot of Male and offspring
• 
  Species: Baryancistrus sp. `BELO MONTE`
  Caption: Underwater: Adult male
• 
  Species: Poecilia reticulata
  Caption: Valentine Red Male
• 
  Species: Pareiorhaphis hystrix
  Caption: Variation in adult male pectoral-fin spines
• 
  Species: Pareiorhaphis hystrix
  Caption: Variation in development of male traits
• 
  Species: Megalechis thoracata
  Caption: Ventral view (female)
• 
  Species: Baryancistrus xanthellus
  Caption: Ventral view (female)
• 
  Species: Panaqolus maccus
  Caption: Ventral view (female)
• 
  Species: Pseudohemiodon sp. `MARBLED`
  Caption: Ventral view (female)
• 
  Species: Pseudacanthicus leopardus
  Caption: Ventral view (gravid female)
• 
  Species: Ancistrus sp. (L393)
  Caption: Ventral view (male)
• 
  Species: Hypancistrus furunculus
  Caption: Ventral view (male)
• 
  Species: Pseudohemiodon sp. `MARBLED`
  Caption: Ventral view (male)
• 
  Species: Hemibagrus microphthalmus
  Caption: Ventral view of female
• 
  Species: Brochiloricaria chauliodon
  Caption: Ventral view of female
• 
  Species: Loricariichthys anus
  Caption: Ventral view of female
• 
  Species: Spectracanthicus zuanoni
  Caption: Ventral view of female
• 
  Species: Brochiloricaria chauliodon
  Caption: Ventral view of male
• 
  Species: Panaqolus albomaculatus
  Caption: Ventral view of male
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria aff. latirostris
  Caption: Ventral view of male
• 
  Species: Spectracanthicus zuanoni
  Caption: Ventral view of male
• 
  Species: Sturisomatichthys reinae
  Caption: Ventral view of male
• 
  Species: Sturisomatichthys reinae
  Caption: Ventral view of male's bristles
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria aff. latirostris
  Caption: Ventral view of upper body of female
• 
  Species: Rineloricaria aff. latirostris
  Caption: Ventral view of upper body of male
• 
  Species: Ancistrus dolichopterus
  Caption: Ventral view, female
• 
  Species: Pseudancistrus kwinti
  Caption: Ventral view, male
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  Species: Corydoras(ln6) paleatus
  Caption: Video - Female laying eggs
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  Species: Ancistrus sp. `RIO FORMOSO II`
  Caption: view of belly after capture (female)
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  Species: Lepomis gibbosus
  Caption: Wild Caught Adult Male
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  Species: Benitochromis ufermanni
  Caption: Wild caught female from Mondemba
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  Species: Benitochromis conjunctus
  Caption: Wild caught female from Muyuka
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  Species: Chromidotilapia cavalliensis
  Caption: Wild caught male
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  Species: Parananochromis brevirostris
  Caption: Wild caught male
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  Species: Benitochromis conjunctus
  Caption: Wild caught male from Muyuka
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  Species: Benitochromis batesii
  Caption: Wild caught male from the Lobe River
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  Species: Benitochromis finleyi
  Caption: Wild caught male of B. finleyi, Mungo River
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  Species: Synodontis soloni
  Caption: Wild male
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  Species: Chromidotilapia regani
  Caption: Young male
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  Species: Ancistrus cf. cirrhosus
  Caption: Young male
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  Species: Ancistrus cf. cirrhosus
  Caption: Young male
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  Species: Ancistrus sp. (L338)
  Caption: Young male
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  Species: Ancistrus sp. `RIO PARAGUAY`
  Caption: Young Male
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  Species: Pseudacanthicus sp. (L452)
  Caption: Young male
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  Species: Hemichromis stellifer
  Caption: Young male from the Congo, upstream of Kinshasa
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  Species: Astatotilapia desfontainii
  Caption: Young male of Astatotilapia desfontainii